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Pygmy ringtail possum
The pygmy ringtail possum (''Pseudochirulus' mayeri'') is a species of marsupial in the Pseudocheiridae family. It is found in West Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.〔 The ''Pseudochirulus mayeri'' live in montane forest regions.〔Hatfield, Lucy. "Pseudochirulus mayeri (pygmy ringtail)." ''Animal Diversity Web.'' Regents of the University of Michigan, 19 March 2011. Web. 14 October 2014. (http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Pseudochirulus_mayeri/ )〕 They are “widespread along the Central cordillera” and live at elevations between above sea level.”〔Helgen, K., C. Dickman, and L. Salas. “Pseudochirulus Mayeri.” ''Pseudochirulus mayeri (Pygmy Ringtail).'' The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2008. Web. 28 November 2014. (http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/40640/0 )〕
Pygmy ringtails are herbivores or “arboreal folivores” that eat pollen, lichen, fungus and “epiphytic moss."〔 ''P. mayeri'' also eat the bark of trees, which provides them with calcium and potassium.〔Stephens, Suzette A., Leonardo A. Salas, and Ellen S. Dierenfeld. “Bark Consumption by the Painted Ringtail (Pseudochirulus forbesi larvatus) in Papua New Guinea. ''The Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation'' 38.5 (2006): 617-624. ''Wiley Online Library.'' Web. 14 Oct. 2014. (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00197.x/pdf )〕 They have “large incisor” teeth which help with “clipping forage from plants” and have “selenodont molars” that help with “shredding ingested foliage."〔 They have “an enlarged cecum that acts as a fermentation chamber”〔Meredith, Robert W., Miguel A. Mendoza, Karen K. Roberts, Michael Westerman, and Mark S. Springer. "A Phylogeny and Timescale for the Evolution of Pseudocheiridae (Marsupialia: Diprotodontia) in Australia and New Guinea." ''Journal of Mammalian Evolution'' 17.2 (2010): p.76, 75-99. ''Springer Link.'' Web. 14 October 2014. (http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10914-010-9129-7 )〕 and allows “gut bacteria to breakdown () plant tissue."〔 The extra retention time allows the pygmy ringtail to obtain more nutrients from the ingested forage.
==Characteristics==
The ''Pseudochirulus mayeri'' are very small with the males being slightly smaller than the females. The average female weight is 154.5 grams, ranging from 105 to 206 grams, while the average length is 372 mm with a range of 330–400 mm. The male weighs approximately 149 grams ranging between 115 and 178 grams and an average length of 344 mm with a range of 318–369 mm. Their life expectancy in the wild is approximately 4 or 5 years. These specific pygmy ringtails have “cinnamon brown to dark brown” fur with a visible “bluish-gray undercoat” when they move. Their tail has thick brown hair on top while calloused and hairless underneath. The ''Pseudochirulus mayeri'' also have “an opposable first toe on their hind feet, and their second and third toes are syndactylus.”〔
The ''P. mayeri'' live in dreys, or nests, “in the forks of trees, less than four meters off the ground.” These nests consist of foliage similar to moss and lichen and they enter into “state() of partial torpor” during the day. Therefore, they “are nocturnal, solitary, arboreal herbivores” that do not travel far at night from their drey because they are small and slow moving. ''P. mayeri'' can use sound to communicate. For example, young ''P. mayeri'' “use a twitter-like call when in search () their mother and make a screeching noise as an alarm call.” However, they mainly communicate with one another through their olfactory. For example, males produce a pheromone in the sternal gland that "()s other males" while both females and males "establish home ranges" or "display reproductive status () feces and pheromones."〔
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